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- History of Tobacco Control in California
- The Wheels Are Turning 1985 -1994
- Labor Code Implementation
- Fiscal Impact (The Science)
- What “The Science” Means
- Tourism
- Businesses
- Employment
- The Future
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- Low Birth Weight
- SIDS
- Respiratory Infections in Children
- Asthma: Induction and Exacerbation
- Eye and Nasal Irritation
- Ear Infections in Children
- Cancer: Lung and Nasal Sinus
- Heart Disease Morbidity & Mortality
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- 147,660 - 351,820 Illnesses & Hospitalizations
- 4,696 - 7,945 Deaths
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- Regulates smoking by employees and patrons in most
“enclosed” workplaces in California.
- Adopted as part of the Labor Code to protect workers from involuntary
exposure to ETS.
- Both business owners and patrons may be issued a citation.
- Is enforced at the lowest jurisdictional level.
- Does not apply to owner operated establishments or Native American
(sovereign) lands among other exemptions.
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- Type 40: On-Sale Beer =
(Beer
Bar) - 1,510
- Type 41: On-Sale Beer =
and
Wine Eating Place (Pizza Place) - 20,113
- Type 42: On-Sale Beer =
and
Wine Public Premises (Beer and Wine Bar) - 1,202
- Type 47: On-Sale Gener=
al
Eating Place (Full-Service Restaurant) - 10,966
- Type 48: On-Sale Gener=
al
Public Premises (Stand-Alone Bar) - 3,261
- These numbers are from June 30, 2000 and these five types constitute
94-96% of all On-Sale licenses in California annually
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- June, 1994: Assembly B=
ill 13
Signed by Governor and becomes Labor Code Section 6404.5;
- November 1994: Proposi=
tion
188 (Philip Morris Initiative) defeated (71% to 29%) guaranteeing LC
6404.5 stays in place;
- January 1, 1995: Nearl=
y all
enclosed workplaces go smoke-free;
- 1996: AB 3037 passes postponing Bar/Gaming Club implementation by one
year;
- January 1, 1998: All b=
ars,
gaming clubs and bingo halls go smoke-free: #1 Media Story in the
Country!
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- 75% of California Bar Patrons DON’T SMOKE IN BARS (1997)
- 86% of Bar Patrons REP=
ORT
COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW (2000)
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- Data for towns with smoke-free restaurant laws
- Massachusetts (Bartosch and Pope, 1999)
- New York City (Hyland et al., 1999)
- Data for towns with smoke-free restaurant and bar laws
- California and Colorado (Glantz and Smith, 1994, 1997)
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- Aggregate sales data for state restaurant and bar laws
- California (Glantz, 2000)
- Taxable sales and tourism
- 3 States and 6 cities (Glantz and Charlesworth, 1999)
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- Supported by Tobacco Industry
- Survey of bar owners on predicted impacts or anecdotal information=
li>
- Bizarre time periods or inappropriate control groups for comparison<=
/li>
- Non-peer reviewed
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- From California Board of Equalization (BOE) from Q1 of 1990 to Q4 of
2000
- Categorized as follows:
- Eating and drinking establishments that serve all types of liquor
(about 25% stand-alone bars)
- Eating and drinking establishments that serve beer and wine
- Eating and drinking establishments that serve no alcoholic beverage=
s
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- Examine bar sales divided by all retail sales
- Tries to account for underlying economic trends and inflation
- Examine bar sales divided by all eating and drinking sales
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- Variables considered for modeling
- Quarter, Time
- Change in intercept and slope for smoke-free restaurants
- Change in intercept and slope for smoke-free bar law
- Autoregressive error terms
- “Proc Autoreg” in SAS V8
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- No change in intercept and slope after implementation of smoke-free =
bar
law
- Change in intercept and slope after implementation of smoke-free
restaurant law
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- Change in intercept and slope after implementation of smoke-free bar=
law
- Change in intercept and slope after implementation of smoke-free
restaurant law
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- Slowing in decrease of bar/retail sales associated with the smoke-fr=
ee
restaurant law
- Due to only 25% of “bars” being stand alone bars, the l=
aw
could have increased sales at the 75% bar/restaurant combinations=
li>
- No negative change in “bar” sales for either smoke-free =
law
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- The decrease in bar/all E&D sales has reversed and is now increa=
sing
- A portion of it can be explained by the smoke-free restaurant and t=
he
smoke-free bar law
- Limitations
- Retail sales are changing at a rate different than bar sales Þ possible change in
consumption Þ
change in demographics
- 25% of “bars” are stand alone bars
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- Bar patrons - spending more time in bars
- Smokers prefer smoke-free bars and restaurants
- Because of large scale of data, length of time and sound methodology,
use to contradict anecdotal data from TI and front groups
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- Collaborate: You CAN’T do it alone.
- Prepare and Educate: This won’t happen overnight.
- Develop and Maintain a Solid Support Base: You can match their numbe=
rs,
but this will be a time-intensive task.
- Advertise: Make your issue known.&n=
bsp;
Do it early and often.
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- Educate Opinion Leaders: Educate key officials to become your
advocates.
- Gather Your Facts: Who will be impacted and how and why is this importa=
nt to
your target population.
- Involve the Target: Survey the target audience to find out what they
need and what will be most effective in reaching them - Give them wh=
at
they need!.
- Understand Diversity: Prepare culturally appropriate messages and
delivery avenues.
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- Uniformity in Implementation: Investigate or design, promote and
implement a modifiable, but uniform implementation plan.
- Consistency in Enforcement: Know who is enforcing the law and what
message will promote “buy-in.” If any law is not enforced,=
it
will not be respected.
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- Never Forget the Past: Learn form your mistakes
- Keep Your Eye on the Next Step: Where will your current strategy take
you next?
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- Smoke-free Nursing Homes: 88.7% Support
- Smoke-free Playgrounds: 88.1% Support
- Smoke-free Hospital Grounds: 86.5% Support
- Smoke-free Hotel Lobbies: 85.6% Support
- Smoke-free Apartment Common Areas: 82.5% Support
- Smoke-free Outdoor Entertainment Venues: 82.5% Support
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- Paul Hunting, MPH
- California Department of Health Services
- Tobacco Control Section
- P.O. Box 942732, MS 55=
5
- Sacramento, CA 94234-7=
320
- (916) 322-6262
- phunting@dhs.ca.gov
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